雅思口語(yǔ)第一部分話題涉及的面越來(lái)越廣,難度更是有所增加。很多同學(xué)對(duì)于一些難題有時(shí)找不到思路,不知道該怎么說(shuō)。如果把經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的Part1話題收集起來(lái)進(jìn)行分析,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),雅思口語(yǔ)Part1的問(wèn)題可以被劃分為不同類型。其中,影響類又是較為常見(jiàn)的一類題目。
一、影響類題目概述
影響類題目是指題目中出現(xiàn)“effect”“affect”等關(guān)鍵詞的題目,如:What are the effects of playing indoor games on children。按照事物的發(fā)展規(guī)律,凡事有因必有果,有行為就必有影響,只是影響的好壞大小各不相同。因此,影響類題目一直是雅思口語(yǔ)考試Part1話題中的熱門(mén)問(wèn)題。而經(jīng)過(guò)一番研究我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),幾乎所有Part1的話題都包含影響類的題目。
回答好這類題目,我們有必要將大部分影響類的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行歸類,并總結(jié)出各類影響的答題思路,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的共性和規(guī)律,以徹底突破雅思口語(yǔ)Part1影響類話題。
二、影響類題目的分類
那么,雅思口語(yǔ)Part1影響類該如何分類呢?筆者認(rèn)為,影響類話題可以從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分類。
從宏觀上看,影響類題目可以分為顯性影響類題目和隱性影響類題目。所謂顯性影響類話題,是指帶有“effect”“affect”等詞,可以明顯判斷出答題方向的題目。例如,雅思口語(yǔ)Part1中有這樣一題——What are the effects of music on people’s life and work, 這就是顯性影響類的典型問(wèn)題。而所謂隱性影響類話題,是指問(wèn)題中不帶有“effect”“affect”等詞,無(wú)法直接判斷應(yīng)該從影響角度切入回答的話題。但是通過(guò)一定的轉(zhuǎn)換,我們可以把隱性影響類話題變?yōu)轱@性影響類話題。舉一個(gè)例子:Do you think weekends are important to us, why or why not。雖然這題題目中沒(méi)有“effect”“affect”等詞,但通過(guò)分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這題也屬于影響類題目。大家都知道,周末對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的,而其中的原因無(wú)外乎是關(guān)于周末對(duì)我們帶來(lái)的好的影響。因此,這題就可以轉(zhuǎn)換為:What are the good effects of weekends on people, 從影響的角度來(lái)回答。
從微觀上看,影響類題目可以分為正面影響、負(fù)面影響和正負(fù)影響兼有三種題目。正面影響類題目是指題目中有出現(xiàn)“good”“positive”等詞的問(wèn)題,如What are the good effects of sports on people。負(fù)面影響類題目是指題目中有出現(xiàn)“bad”“negative”等詞的問(wèn)題,如What are the bad effects of noise on people’s life and work? 而正負(fù)影響兼有的題目,往往題目中只有“effect”“affect”等詞,回答時(shí)最好從正面和負(fù)面影響兩個(gè)角度同時(shí)入手。例如雅思口語(yǔ)Part1中有這樣一題:What are the effects of rain on people’s life? 下雨對(duì)人們的影響大部分都是負(fù)面的,但是雨對(duì)于干旱地區(qū)的農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō),影響恐怕就是正面的了。因此,這種題目從正反兩個(gè)角度切入會(huì)比較全面。
三、影響類常用句型
通過(guò)以上分析我們知道,影響類可以進(jìn)行細(xì)分。但是,在回答不同類型的影響問(wèn)題時(shí),所要用到的句型卻是相同的。下面我們就來(lái)看一些影響類常用句型:
(1)引入影響
There are many good points about…, such as…
I think the negative side outweighs the positive side.
The effects of … can be divided into two groups.
(2)表述影響
…is beneficial for…
…is harmful to…
…h(huán)as a great impact on…
The effect of … is that…
…will be affected by…
…is good/bad for…
…h(huán)elps… to…
…is useful for…to…
(3)列舉影響
First of all,…. Next,…. Last but not least,….
At first,…. Additional,…. Lastly,….
To begin with,…. In addition,…. At last,….
掌握以上句型,能夠更好地幫助我們回答影響類題目。我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子。雅思口語(yǔ)Part1中有這樣一題:What are the effects of spare time on people’s life? 因?yàn)榫渲谐霈F(xiàn)“effect”一詞,所以它屬于顯性影響類題目,并且通過(guò)進(jìn)一步分析,這道題屬于正面影響類話題。我們完全可以利用影響類句型回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題:There are many good effects of spare time on people’s life. First of all, it is beneficial for people to have a good mood so that they can have a more positive attitude toward life. Next, it helps people to relax themselves and improve people’s working efficiency. Last but not least, we can learn many useful things in spare time.
四、常見(jiàn)影響素材積累
雅思口語(yǔ)Part1中還有這樣一題:What are the effects of weekends on people’s life。細(xì)心的考生可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這題和What are the effects of spare time on people’s life非常類似。稍加改動(dòng),我們就能將答案進(jìn)行嫁接。因此我們發(fā)現(xiàn),不少事物的影響其實(shí)是相通的??忌谄綍r(shí)有必要積累一些常見(jiàn)影響素材,以便考試時(shí)更加從容地回答影響類題目。
(1)正面影響
It gives people a good mood so that they can have a more positive attitude toward life.
It helps people to relax themselves and improve people’s working efficiency.
We can learn many useful things in it.
People can improve their physical and mental health.
It is a good chance for people to make more friends.
It is beneficial for people to release their pressure and get rid of their burden.
(2)負(fù)面影響
It makes people feel upset and anxious.
It is harmful to people’s physical and mental health.
It is inconvenient for people.
It reduces people’s working efficiency.
People may become lazy and lose themselves in it.
A lot of disasters will be caused by it.
關(guān)于不同事物影響的素材,考生們可以在此基礎(chǔ)上不斷積累。當(dāng)然,如果遇到正負(fù)影響兼有的題目,則應(yīng)把正面影響和負(fù)面影響的素材加以結(jié)合,使回答更加全面而客觀。
五、注意
在積累影響類問(wèn)題素材的同時(shí),我們也應(yīng)該注意到,并不是所有的影響類題目都能用共同的影響加以套用的。對(duì)于以下題目,我們應(yīng)該想出各自對(duì)應(yīng)的影響:
What are the effects of western culture on Chinese wedding?
Does western culture have any effect on Chinese name?
What are the good effects of holding Olympic Games on a country?
更多信息請(qǐng)查看考試口語(yǔ)